Linux Commands

Linux command-line tools are the building blocks of interaction, enumeration, file manipulation, and system control during any hacking operation. This page breaks down commonly used Linux commands, their usage, categories, and real-world hacking relevance.

Essential Commands

Navigation

Command	Description	Example
`pwd`	Show current working directory	`pwd`
`cd`	Change directory	`cd /etc`
`mkdir`	Create directory	`mkdir testdir`
`rmdir`	Remove empty directory	`rmdir testdir`

File Operations

Command	Description	Example
`ls`	List contents	`ls -la`
`cat`	View file contents	`cat /etc/passwd`
`less`	Scrollable file viewer	`less file.txt`
`head`	Show first lines	`head -n 10 log.txt`
`tail`	Show last lines	`tail -f log.txt`
`cp`	Copy file	`cp file.txt /tmp/`
`mv`	Move or rename file	`mv old.txt new.txt`
`rm`	Delete file	`rm secrets.txt`

User Management

Command	Description	Example
`whoami`	Print current user	`whoami`
`id`	Show user/group ID	`id`

Permissions

Command	Description	Example
`chmod`	Change file permissions	`chmod 755 script.sh`

System Info

Command	Description	Example
`df -h`	Disk usage	`df -h`

Networking

Connectivity Tools

Command	Description	Example
`ping`	Send ICMP packets	`ping -c 4 google.com`
`curl`	Fetch URL/API data	`curl http://example.com`
`ssh`	Remote shell access	`ssh user@host`

Search & Output Manipulation

Text Processing

Command	Description	Example
`grep`	Search for patterns	`grep root /etc/passwd`

Help & Documentation

Learning a Command

Command	Description	Example
`man`	Show manual page	`man nmap`
`echo`	Output text	`echo "Hello" > out.txt`
`history`	Show command history	`history`

Examples

SSH with Custom Port

ssh -p 2222 user@target

Fetch a Remote Web Page

curl http://example.com

Make Script Executable

chmod +x exploit.sh

Search for Usernames

grep /bin/bash /etc/passwd

Basic Linux Commands

Contents