Editing TCP/IP Stack (section)

== 1. The Four TCP/IP Layers ==
Each layer plays a specific role. Together, they handle everything from human-readable data to raw electrical signals.

{| class="wikitable"
! TCP/IP Layer !! Similar OSI Layers !! What It Does !! Example Protocols !! Tools Worth Exploring
|-
| '''Application''' || OSI 7–5 || Handles what users interact with — text, websites, commands || HTTP, DNS, SSH || curl, dig, browser dev tools
|-
| '''Transport''' || OSI 4 || Ensures data gets there correctly and in order || TCP, UDP || Netcat, Scapy, Wireshark
|-
| '''Internet''' || OSI 3 || Adds IP addresses and finds the best route || IPv4, ICMP || traceroute, ping, nmap
|-
| '''Link''' || OSI 2–1 || Talks directly to network hardware || Ethernet, Wi-Fi || arp, ifconfig, ettercap
|}