Editing Ping (section)

= Ping =

'''Ping''' is a fundamental network utility used to test the reachability and responsiveness of a target device on a network.

== What Ping Does ==

Ping sends a type of packet called an '''ICMP Echo Request''' to a specified IP address or hostname. If the target is online and reachable, it replies with an '''ICMP Echo Reply'''. This process measures both '''connectivity''' and '''latency''' between source and destination.

== ICMP Protocol ==

Ping operates using the [[ICMP Protocol]] (Internet Control Message Protocol), which is part of the IP protocol suite. ICMP is used by network devices to send error messages and operational information.

Unlike TCP or UDP, ICMP is not used for transferring data between applications. Its primary role is diagnostic and control traffic — making it ideal for network probing.

== Typical Use Cases ==

* Verify if a host is online
* Measure latency in milliseconds
* Identify packet loss
* Detect network interruption

== Syntax and Basic Usage ==

The command syntax is generally:

<pre>
ping [IP address or domain name]
</pre>

Examples:
<pre>
ping 8.8.8.8
ping example.com
</pre>

On most systems (Linux, Windows, macOS), the `ping` command is pre-installed.

== Interpreting Results ==

Ping outputs one line per packet sent. Each line typically shows:
* Response time (latency)
* Packet loss (if any)
* Time To Live (TTL) of response

At the end, a summary includes:
* Number of packets sent and received
* Minimum, maximum, and average round-trip times

=== Example Output ===
<pre>
64 bytes from 192.168.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=4.16 ms
--- 192.168.1.254 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 6 received, 0% packet loss, time 6006ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 4.10/4.16/4.22/0.05 ms
</pre>

== Private and Public Targets ==

Ping can be used both within a local network (e.g. `192.168.1.254`) and to external hosts (e.g. Google's public DNS `8.8.8.8`). Public IPs can be useful for checking internet routing or firewall behavior.

== Limitations ==

* Some firewalls block ICMP packets
* High response times don’t always indicate problems at the target (could be a congested route)
* Devices can be configured to ignore ping

== See Also ==

* [[Traceroute]]
* [[ICMP Protocol]]
* [[IP Addressing]]
* [[Network Fundamentals]]